nach dem Systemerstart kan man sich mit Putty am Raspi anmelden.

sudo su

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

root@raspberrypi3:/home/pi# apt-get update
Hit:1 http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian bullseye InRelease
Get:2 http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian bullseye InRelease [15.0 kB]
Fetched 15.0 kB in 2s (9,003 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
root@raspberrypi3:/home/pi#
root@raspberrypi3:/home/pi#
root@raspberrypi3:/home/pi# apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

root@raspberrypi3:/home/pi# cat /etc/*release
PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)"
NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="11"
VERSION="11 (bullseye)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bullseye
ID=raspbian
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"

oder

root@raspberrypi3:/home/pi# lsb_release -d
Description:    Raspbian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)

uname -r
6.1.21-v7+

uname -a
Linux raspberrypi3 6.1.21-v7+ #1642 SMP Mon Apr  3 17:20:52 BST 2023 armv7l GNU/Linux

sudo apt-get install samba

Dienst gestartet?

service smbd status
● smbd.service - Samba SMB Daemon
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/smbd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-12-27 21:13:20 CET; 1min 8s ago
       Docs: man:smbd(8)
             man:samba(7)
             man:smb.conf(5)
    Process: 2742 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/samba/update-apparmor-samba-profile (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 2743 (smbd)
     Status: "smbd: ready to serve connections..."
      Tasks: 4 (limit: 1595)
        CPU: 700ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/smbd.service
             ├─2743 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
             ├─2745 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
             ├─2746 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
             └─2747 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group

Dec 27 21:13:19 raspberrypi3 systemd[1]: Starting Samba SMB Daemon...
Dec 27 21:13:20 raspberrypi3 systemd[1]: Started Samba SMB Daemon.

Netzwerkprotokoll festlegen:

nano /etc/samba/smb.conf 

[global]
#
#
#
# 27.12.2023 erweitert um:
server min protocol = SMB2_02
server max protocol = SMB3

root@raspberrypi3:/home/pi# cd /media/
root@raspberrypi3:/media# ls -l
total 0
root@raspberrypi3:/media# mkdir freigaben
root@raspberrypi3:/media# ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 21:20 freigaben

cd freigaben
root@raspberrypi3:/media/freigaben# mkdir test1
root@raspberrypi3:/media/freigaben# ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 27 21:21 test1

Es gibt nun das erste Freigabenverzeichnis: /media/freigaben/test1

Quellen:
https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Samba_Server/
https://www.ionos.de/digitalguide/server/konfiguration/samba-server-plattformuebergreifendes-netzwerk/